• Differential Table
• Key Elements Table
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This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present.
basedOn		0..*	Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf		0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	S	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConceptTW	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this
category:twcore	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」，但因slice之特性，其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼，故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible)
subject	S	1..1	Reference(TW Core Patient | TW Core Location | Group | Device)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	S	0..1	Reference(TW Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SC	0..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime S
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
performer		0..*	Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SC	0..1		Actual result tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units.
valueQuantity			Quantity S
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept S
valueString			string S
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	S	0..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述
specimen		0..1	Reference(TW Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
hasMember		0..*	Reference(Observation | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom		0..*	Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.category:twcore	required	TWObservationClinicalResultCategory https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG
Observation.code	extensible	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
tw-core-3	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
tw-core-4	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
tw-core-5	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present.
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConceptTW	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:twcore	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」，但因slice之特性，其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼，故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(TW Core Patient | TW Core Location | Group | Device)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(TW Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	0..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units.
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
dataAbsentReason	S	0..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
specimen		0..1	Reference(TW Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:twcore	required	TWObservationClinicalResultCategory https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG
Observation.code	extensible	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
tw-core-3	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
tw-core-4	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
tw-core-5	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present.
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConceptTW	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:twcore	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」，但因slice之特性，其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼，故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(TW Core Patient | TW Core Location | Group | Device)	Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(TW Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	0..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime S
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units.
valueQuantity			Quantity S
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept S
valueString			string S
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	S	0..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(TW Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	Σ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:twcore	required	TWObservationClinicalResultCategory https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG
Observation.code	extensible	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
tw-core-3	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
tw-core-4	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
tw-core-5	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present.
basedOn		0..*	Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf		0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	S	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConceptTW	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this
category:twcore	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」，但因slice之特性，其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼，故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible)
subject	S	1..1	Reference(TW Core Patient | TW Core Location | Group | Device)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	S	0..1	Reference(TW Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SC	0..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime S
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
performer		0..*	Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SC	0..1		Actual result tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units.
valueQuantity			Quantity S
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept S
valueString			string S
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	S	0..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述
specimen		0..1	Reference(TW Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
hasMember		0..*	Reference(Observation | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom		0..*	Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.category:twcore	required	TWObservationClinicalResultCategory https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG
Observation.code	extensible	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
tw-core-3	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
tw-core-4	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
tw-core-5	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present.
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConceptTW	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:twcore	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」，但因slice之特性，其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼，故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(TW Core Patient | TW Core Location | Group | Device)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(TW Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	0..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units.
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
dataAbsentReason	S	0..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
specimen		0..1	Reference(TW Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:twcore	required	TWObservationClinicalResultCategory https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG
Observation.code	extensible	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
tw-core-3	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
tw-core-4	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
tw-core-5	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present.
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConceptTW	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:twcore	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」，但因slice之特性，其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼，故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。
code	S	1..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(TW Core Patient | TW Core Location | Group | Device)	Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(TW Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	0..1		Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime S
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units.
valueQuantity			Quantity S
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept S
valueString			string S
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	S	0..1	CodeableConceptTW	概念（Concept）— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(TW Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	Σ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:twcore	required	TWObservationClinicalResultCategory https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG
Observation.code	extensible	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC) http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
tw-core-3	error	Observation.effective[x]	Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
tw-core-4	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
tw-core-5	error	Observation.value[x]	SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 2 elements
Must-Support: 9 elements

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

• TW Core CarePlan (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/CarePlan-twcore)
• TW Core MedicationRequest (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/MedicationRequest-twcore)
• TW Core ServiceRequest (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/ServiceRequest-twcore)
• TW Core MedicationDispense (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/MedicationDispense-twcore)
• TW Core MedicationStatement (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/MedicationStatement-twcore)
• TW Core Procedure (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Procedure-twcore)
• TW Core Immunization (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Immunization-twcore)
• TW Core ImagingStudy (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/ImagingStudy-twcore)
• TW CodeableConcept (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/CodeableConcept-tw)
• TW Core Patient (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Patient-twcore)
• TW Core Location (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Location-twcore)
• TW Core Encounter (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Encounter-twcore)
• TW Core Practitioner (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Practitioner-twcore)
• TW Core Organization (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Organization-twcore)
• TW Core PractitionerRole (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/PractitionerRole-twcore)
• TW Core CareTeam (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/CareTeam-twcore)
• TW Core Specimen (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Specimen-twcore)
• TW Core QuestionnaireResponse (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/QuestionnaireResponse-twcore)
• TW Core DocumentReference (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/DocumentReference-twcore)
• TW Core Media (https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Media-twcore)

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.category

以下概述了此Profile所需的RESTful FHIR互動功能。有關TW Core IG支援的RESTful互動功能的完整清單，請參閱TW Core Server能力聲明。

必須支援以下查詢參數：

1. 必須（SHALL） 支援透過查詢參數 patient 及 category 查詢所有Observation：
   (如何透過reference查詢)
   (如何透過token查詢)
   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&category=https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/category-code-tw|laboratory

   例子：
   (1) GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/pat-example&category=https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/category-code-tw|laboratory

2. 必須（SHALL） 支援透過查詢參數 patient 及 code 查詢所有Observation：
   (如何透過reference查詢)
   (如何透過token查詢)
   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&code={system|}[code]{,{system|}[code],...}

   例子：
   (1) GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/pat-example&code=http://loinc.org|44974-4,http://loinc.org|44963-7,http://loinc.org|8601-7

3. 必須（SHALL） 支援透過查詢參數 patient 、 category 及 date 查詢所有Observation：
   (如何透過reference查詢)
   (如何透過token查詢)
   (如何透過date查詢)
   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&category=https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/category-code-tw|laboratory&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]{&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]&...}

   例子：
   (1) GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/pat-example&category=https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/category-code-tw|laboratory&date=ge2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

建議應該支援以下查詢參數：

1. 建議應該（SHOULD） 支援透過查詢參數 patient 、 category 及 status 查詢所有Observation：
   (如何透過reference查詢)
   (如何透過token查詢)
   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&category=https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/category-code-tw|laboratoryh&status={system|}[code]{,{system|}[code],...}

   例子：
   (1) GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/pat-example&category=https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/category-code-tw|laboratory&status=final

2. 建議應該（SHOULD） 支援透過查詢參數 patient 、 category 及 _lastUpdated 查詢所有Observation：
   (如何透過reference查詢)
   (如何透過token查詢)
   (如何透過date查詢)
   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&category={system|}[code]&_lastUpdated={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]{&_lastUpdated={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]&...}

   例子：
   (1) GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/pat-example&category=https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/category-code-tw|laboratory&_lastUpdated=ge2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

3. 支援透過查詢參數 patient 、 code 及 date 查詢所有Observation：
   (如何透過reference查詢)
   (如何透過token查詢)
   (如何透過date查詢)
   GET [base]/Observation?patient={Type/}[id]&code={system|}[code]{,{system|}[code],...}&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]{&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]&...}

   例子：
   (1) GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/pat-example&code=http://loinc.org|8867-4,http://loinc.org|85354-9,http://loinc.org|96607-7&date=ge2020-01-01T00:00:00Z