This page is part of the 臺灣核心實作指引(TW Core IG) (v0.3.2: Releases) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) R4. This is the current published version in its permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions
Official URL: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/StructureDefinition/Observation-laboratoryResult-twcore | Version: 0.3.2 | |||
Active as of 2024-12-12 | Computable Name: TWCoreObservationLaboratoryResult |
此臺灣核心-實驗室檢驗檢查(TW Core Observation Laboratory Result) Profile說明本IG如何進一步定義FHIR的Observation Resource以呈現檢驗檢查資料。
關於病人、裝置或其他對象所做的測量和簡單聲明。
這個resource 從 FHIR 工作流程的角度來看是一個 事件resource - 請參見工作流程(Workflow)。
Observations 是健康照護中的核心元素,用來幫助診斷、追踪病情進展、確定基準和模式,甚至記錄人口統計特徵。大部分的 observations 都是一些帶有附加資料的簡單名稱/值配對聲明,但有些observations會邏輯上將其他observations結合起來,或者甚至是包含多個部分的observations。需要注意的是,診斷報告(DiagnosticReport) resource提供了一組 observations 的臨床或工作流程上下文,透過參照 Observation resource 來呈現實驗室、影像學和其他臨床及診斷資料,從而形成一份完整的報告。
Observation resource的使用案例包括:
在醫學本體論(ontology)中,臨床發現和疾病之間的界限仍是一個挑戰。參考下方和病情、問題或診斷(Condition)中的界限與關聯小節以獲得一般指導。這些界限可以透過針對特定使用案例的 Observation 進行細化來明確界定。
Observation resource已經定義了一些核心的profiles,也就是特定的profile。如果系統或應用程式在使用這個 resource 來記錄特定 profile 中的概念時,它們必須遵守以下的profiles:
Profile | 描述 |
---|---|
Vital signs | FHIR 生命體徵(Vital Signs)profile 確立了使用 Observation resource 來記錄、查詢和取得病人的生命體徵(比如體溫、血壓、呼吸速率等)的最小資料集要求。 |
簡單來說,Observation 讓我們可以記錄名稱和值的配對(name-value pair),或者一系列有結構的名稱和值的配對。這意味著它可以用來記錄任何類型的資訊。但是它主要不是用來取代其他 FHIR resources 已經涵蓋的特定情況和用途,例如:如果是要記錄病人的過敏情況,就應該用AllergyIntolerance resorce;記錄病人服用的藥品,就用MedicationStatement resource;記錄病人的家族病史,就用FamilyMemberHistory resource;記錄病人的處置紀錄,就用Procedureresource;紀錄一組問題及其答案就用QuestionnaireResponse resource ;Observation 主要是用來記錄測量數據和主觀的評估,而不是用來記錄臨床診斷,這類應該用Condition resource 或ClinicalImpression resource 來記錄。
Condition resource 經常參照 Observation resource 來提供特定的主觀和客觀數據以支持其斷言。然而,會有重疊的情況出現。例如:對於「你有沒有吸食過非法藥品」的問題,理論上可以用 MedicationStatement 記錄,但大多數系統會把這種資訊當作一個 Observation 來處理。有時候,特別是當資料來自某些特定來源,比如 HL7 v2 資料流,系統可能難以區分哪些是診斷、過敏等「特殊」類型的檢驗檢查,哪些是應該用 Observation 來記錄的實驗室結果或生命體徵。在這些不確定能否完全區分檢驗檢查類型的情況下,這些特殊類型的檢驗檢查也可能使用 Observation 來記錄,這樣的慣例作法是可被接受的。如果實作者不確定實作提議使用 Observation 的適當性,很建議可以在chat.fhir.org implementer's stream上向全球實作者諮詢。
另外,Media resource 是用來特別記錄影像、影片或音檔的檢驗檢查,Media 跟 Observation 不同,是因為 Media 提供了解釋這些資訊所需要的額外 metadata。查看 Media 的界限與關聯以了解 Media(和 Observation)與 ImagingStudy和DocumentReference的區別。
與Observation resource相比,DiagnosticReport resource 則包含了更多的臨床上下文和結果、影像、影像報告、文字表述、編碼解釋及格式化混合呈現,例如實驗室報告、病理報告和影像報告等,DiagnosticReport 透過參照 Observation 來提供具體的結果數據。實驗室裡經常會根據幾個具體的檢驗結果來做一個總結的評語,我們一般叫這個評語為「臆斷(impression)」或者「解釋(interpretations)」。有時候,這些評語是根據特定的演算法來的,有時候則是病理學家給出的專業判斷,這些評語會記錄在 Observation 或者 DiagnosticReport 這兩種 resources 裡,這些記錄並不等同於對病人進行的臨床診斷。臨床診斷通常是基於綜合評估病人的整體狀況後所做的判斷,並且更多的是被記錄在臨床臆斷(Clinical Impression)resource 或 Condition resources中。
總之,Observation resource 用來記錄測量數據和主觀評估,不適合用來記錄臨床診斷等已被其他 resource 覆蓋的情況。
Observation resource 被以下 resources 所參照:醫療不良事件(AdverseEvent)、預約(Appointment)、照護計畫(CarePlan)、費用項目(ChargeItem)、臨床臆斷(ClinicalImpression)、通訊(Communication)、通訊請求(CommunicationRequest)、病情、問題或診斷(Condition)、合約(Contract)、設備請求(DeviceRequest)、設備使用聲明(DeviceUseStatement)、診斷報告(DiagnosticReport)、就醫事件(Encounter)、家庭成員病史(FamilyMemberHistory)、目標(Goal)、指導回應、(GuidanceResponse)、影像檢查(ImagingStudy)、疫苗接種(Immunization)、給藥(MedicationAdministration)、藥品請求(MedicationRequest)、用藥聲明(MedicationStatement)、分子序列(MolecularSequence)、檢驗檢查(Observation)、處置或手術(Procedure)、題目回覆(QuestionnaireResponse)、一組請求(RequestGroup)、風險評估(RiskAssessment)、服務請求(ServiceRequest)及供應品請求(SupplyRequest)。
Usage:
Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.
This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationClinicalResult
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Observation | TWCoreObservationClinicalResult | |||
Slices for category | Content/Rules for all slices | |||
category:twcore | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Classification of type of observation Required Pattern: At least the following | |
coding | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (complex) | |
system | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category | |
code | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory | |
code | ||||
Slices for coding | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org | |
code | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目-檢驗相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw | |
code | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | |
subject | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 檢驗檢查有關的對象及(或)事物 | |
effective[x] | 1..1 | dateTime, Period, Timing, instant | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 | |
performer | S | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查 |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible) | |
method | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible) | |
referenceRange | ||||
type | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
appliesTo | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
hasMember | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource | |
derivedFrom | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量 | |
component | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之(部分)檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (example) |
Slices for coding | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | S | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org |
code | S | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | S | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw |
code | S | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 |
value[x] | S | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period | 組成之檢驗檢查的實際結果 |
dataAbsentReason | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet | URI |
Observation.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | |
Observation.bodySite | extensible | SNOMEDCTBodyStructureshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.method | extensible | ObservationMethodshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.component.code | example | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationClinicalResult | 檢驗檢查,測量及簡單的判定。 dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. |
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both |
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼;應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類;鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
category:twcore | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」,但因slice之特性,其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼,故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: At least the following |
coding | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (complex) | |
system | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category | |
code | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory | |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible): 鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: http://loinc.org |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目-檢驗相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 檢驗檢查有關的對象及(或)事物 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
encounter | SΣ | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Encounter) | 檢驗檢查是哪一次就醫時執行的 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day. | |
effectiveDateTime | dateTime | |||
performer | SΣ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
value[x] | SΣC | 0..1 | 檢驗檢查的實際結果 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. | |
valueQuantity | Quantity | |||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | |||
valueString | string | |||
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查結果的解釋;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
method | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
hasMember | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
component | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之(部分)檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (example) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: http://loinc.org |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
value[x] | SΣ | 0..1 | 組成之檢驗檢查的實際結果 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
valueQuantity | Quantity | |||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | |||
valueString | string | |||
valueBoolean | boolean | |||
valueInteger | integer | |||
valueRange | Range | |||
valueRatio | Ratio | |||
valueSampledData | SampledData | |||
valueTime | time | |||
valueDateTime | dateTime | |||
valuePeriod | Period | |||
dataAbsentReason | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果(Observation.value[x])缺少;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 用以指明檢驗檢查的解釋之代碼。應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI |
Observation.status | required | ObservationStatushttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.category | preferred | ObservationCategoryCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.category:twcore | required | Pattern: laboratoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG | |
Observation.code | extensible | LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | |
Observation.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.bodySite | extensible | SNOMEDCTBodyStructureshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.method | extensible | ObservationMethodshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.component.code | example | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | |
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.component.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty() | |
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty() | |
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty() | |
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty() | |
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists() | |
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty() | |
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty() | |
tw-core-3 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 | |
tw-core-4 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()) | |
tw-core-5 | error | Observation.value[x] | SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationClinicalResult | 檢驗檢查,測量及簡單的判定。 obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. | ||||
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | 不重複的ID用以識別儲存在特定FHIR Server中的Observation紀錄,通常又稱為邏輯性ID。 | ||||
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | 此Observation Resource的metadata | ||||
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則 | ||||
language | 0..1 | code | 用以表述Observation Resource內容的語言。 Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): 人類語言;鼓勵使用CommonLanguages代碼表中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此代碼表,你也可使用其他代碼表的代碼或單純以文字表示。
Example Value: zh-TW | |||||
text | 0..1 | Narrative | Observation Resource之內容摘要以供人閱讀 | |||||
contained | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored | ||||
identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | 檢驗檢查的識別碼,通常為業務目的所使用的識別碼,例如:檢驗序號或單號。 | ||||
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest) | 依據的照護計畫/提議/醫令 | ||||
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy) | 此檢驗檢查是哪個參照事件的一部分 | ||||
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼;應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類;鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 | ||||
category:twcore | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」,但因slice之特性,其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼,故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。 Required Pattern: At least the following | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
coding | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (complex) | |||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
system | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category | |||||
version | 0..1 | string | Version of the system - if relevant | |||||
code | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory | |||||
display | 0..1 | string | Representation defined by the system | |||||
userSelected | 0..1 | boolean | If this coding was chosen directly by the user | |||||
text | 0..1 | string | Plain text representation of the concept | |||||
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible): 鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | ||||
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目-檢驗相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 | ||||
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 檢驗檢查有關的對象及(或)事物 | ||||
focus | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | 當檢驗檢查並非有關於與病人本身,檢驗檢查是關於什麼。 | ||||
encounter | SΣ | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Encounter) | 檢驗檢查是哪一次就醫時執行的 | ||||
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day. | |||||
effectiveDateTime | dateTime S | |||||||
effectivePeriod | Period | |||||||
effectiveTiming | Timing | |||||||
effectiveInstant | instant | |||||||
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | 此版本檢驗檢查完成的日期或時間 | ||||
performer | SΣ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查 | ||||
value[x] | SΣC | 0..1 | 檢驗檢查的實際結果 tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. | |||||
valueQuantity | Quantity S | |||||||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept S | |||||||
valueString | string S | |||||||
valueBoolean | boolean | |||||||
valueInteger | integer | |||||||
valueRange | Range | |||||||
valueRatio | Ratio | |||||||
valueSampledData | SampledData | |||||||
valueTime | time | |||||||
valueDateTime | dateTime | |||||||
valuePeriod | Period | |||||||
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | ||||
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查結果的解釋;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | |||||
note | 0..* | Annotation | 關於此檢驗檢查之解說 | |||||
bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible) | |||||
method | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible) | |||||
specimen | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Specimen) | 此檢驗檢查的檢體 | |||||
device | 0..1 | Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) | (測量)設備 | |||||
referenceRange | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 解釋結果值的指引。
obs-3:必須至少有低、高或文字表述。 obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized | ||||
low | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的下限值,如果相關。 | ||||
high | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的上限值,如果相關。 | ||||
type | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): 用以表述參考範圍值之含意的代碼;鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 | |||||
appliesTo | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): 用以指明參考範圍值適用的對象或人口群之代碼;可參考所綁定代碼表,但此代碼表只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的示例,不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此代碼表的代碼代碼表中的代碼。 | |||||
age | 0..1 | Range | 適用的年齡範圍值,如果相關。 | |||||
text | 0..1 | string | 檢驗檢查中以文字表述的參考範圍值 | |||||
hasMember | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource | ||||
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量 | ||||
component | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之(部分)檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized | ||||
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (example) | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | ||||
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 | ||||
value[x] | SΣ | 0..1 | 組成之檢驗檢查的實際結果 | |||||
valueQuantity | Quantity | |||||||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | |||||||
valueString | string | |||||||
valueBoolean | boolean | |||||||
valueInteger | integer | |||||||
valueRange | Range | |||||||
valueRatio | Ratio | |||||||
valueSampledData | SampledData | |||||||
valueTime | time | |||||||
valueDateTime | dateTime | |||||||
valuePeriod | Period | |||||||
dataAbsentReason | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果(Observation.value[x])缺少;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | |||||
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 用以指明檢驗檢查的解釋之代碼。應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | |||||
referenceRange | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | 解釋此組成之檢驗驗查的結果值之指引 | |||||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI | |||
Observation.language | preferred | CommonLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
| ||||
Observation.status | required | ObservationStatushttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.category | preferred | ObservationCategoryCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.category:twcore | required | Pattern: laboratoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG | ||||
Observation.code | extensible | LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | ||||
Observation.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | ||||
Observation.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.bodySite | extensible | SNOMEDCTBodyStructureshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.method | extensible | ObservationMethodshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.referenceRange.type | preferred | ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo | example | ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.component.code | example | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | ||||
Observation.component.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | ||||
Observation.component.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | ||||
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.component.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty() | |
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty() | |
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty() | |
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty() | |
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists() | |
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists() | |
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty() | |
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty() | |
tw-core-3 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 | |
tw-core-4 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()) | |
tw-core-5 | error | Observation.value[x] | SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' |
This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationClinicalResult
Summary
Mandatory: 2 elements(8 nested mandatory elements)
Must-Support: 12 elements
Structures
This structure refers to these other structures:
Slices
This structure defines the following Slices:
Differential View
This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationClinicalResult
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Observation | TWCoreObservationClinicalResult | |||
Slices for category | Content/Rules for all slices | |||
category:twcore | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Classification of type of observation Required Pattern: At least the following | |
coding | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (complex) | |
system | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category | |
code | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory | |
code | ||||
Slices for coding | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org | |
code | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目-檢驗相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw | |
code | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | |
subject | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 檢驗檢查有關的對象及(或)事物 | |
effective[x] | 1..1 | dateTime, Period, Timing, instant | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 | |
performer | S | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查 |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible) | |
method | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible) | |
referenceRange | ||||
type | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
appliesTo | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
hasMember | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource | |
derivedFrom | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量 | |
component | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之(部分)檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (example) |
Slices for coding | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | S | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org |
code | S | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 |
system | S | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw |
code | S | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 |
value[x] | S | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period | 組成之檢驗檢查的實際結果 |
dataAbsentReason | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 | |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet | URI |
Observation.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | |
Observation.bodySite | extensible | SNOMEDCTBodyStructureshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.method | extensible | ObservationMethodshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.component.code | example | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG |
Key Elements View
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationClinicalResult | 檢驗檢查,測量及簡單的判定。 dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. |
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both |
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼;應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類;鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
category:twcore | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」,但因slice之特性,其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼,故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: At least the following |
coding | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (complex) | |
system | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category | |
code | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory | |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible): 鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: http://loinc.org |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目-檢驗相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 檢驗檢查有關的對象及(或)事物 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
encounter | SΣ | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Encounter) | 檢驗檢查是哪一次就醫時執行的 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day. | |
effectiveDateTime | dateTime | |||
performer | SΣ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
value[x] | SΣC | 0..1 | 檢驗檢查的實際結果 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. | |
valueQuantity | Quantity | |||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | |||
valueString | string | |||
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查結果的解釋;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
method | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
hasMember | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
component | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之(部分)檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (example) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: http://loinc.org |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
value[x] | SΣ | 0..1 | 組成之檢驗檢查的實際結果 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
valueQuantity | Quantity | |||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | |||
valueString | string | |||
valueBoolean | boolean | |||
valueInteger | integer | |||
valueRange | Range | |||
valueRatio | Ratio | |||
valueSampledData | SampledData | |||
valueTime | time | |||
valueDateTime | dateTime | |||
valuePeriod | Period | |||
dataAbsentReason | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果(Observation.value[x])缺少;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 用以指明檢驗檢查的解釋之代碼。應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI |
Observation.status | required | ObservationStatushttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.category | preferred | ObservationCategoryCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.category:twcore | required | Pattern: laboratoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG | |
Observation.code | extensible | LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | |
Observation.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.bodySite | extensible | SNOMEDCTBodyStructureshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.method | extensible | ObservationMethodshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.component.code | example | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | |
Observation.component.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | |
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | |
Observation.component.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty() | |
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty() | |
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty() | |
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty() | |
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists() | |
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty() | |
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty() | |
tw-core-3 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 | |
tw-core-4 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()) | |
tw-core-5 | error | Observation.value[x] | SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' |
Snapshot View
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationClinicalResult | 檢驗檢查,測量及簡單的判定。 obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present tw-core-4: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. | ||||
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | 不重複的ID用以識別儲存在特定FHIR Server中的Observation紀錄,通常又稱為邏輯性ID。 | ||||
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | 此Observation Resource的metadata | ||||
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則 | ||||
language | 0..1 | code | 用以表述Observation Resource內容的語言。 Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): 人類語言;鼓勵使用CommonLanguages代碼表中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此代碼表,你也可使用其他代碼表的代碼或單純以文字表示。
Example Value: zh-TW | |||||
text | 0..1 | Narrative | Observation Resource之內容摘要以供人閱讀 | |||||
contained | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored | ||||
identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | 檢驗檢查的識別碼,通常為業務目的所使用的識別碼,例如:檢驗序號或單號。 | ||||
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest) | 依據的照護計畫/提議/醫令 | ||||
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy) | 此檢驗檢查是哪個參照事件的一部分 | ||||
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼;應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類;鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 | ||||
category:twcore | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Classification of type of observation Binding: 臺灣衛福部資訊處Observation Clinical Result類型值集 (required): 此slice綁定的值集之綁定強度雖為最高強度「要求使用(Requird)」,但因slice之特性,其不會限制僅能填此值集中的代碼,故在實作時也可使用其他值集的代碼。 Required Pattern: At least the following | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
coding | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (complex) | |||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
system | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category | |||||
version | 0..1 | string | Version of the system - if relevant | |||||
code | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory | |||||
display | 0..1 | string | Representation defined by the system | |||||
userSelected | 0..1 | boolean | If this coding was chosen directly by the user | |||||
text | 0..1 | string | Plain text representation of the concept | |||||
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(concept)-參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Binding: LOINCCodes (extensible): 鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | ||||
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目-檢驗相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 | ||||
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 檢驗檢查有關的對象及(或)事物 | ||||
focus | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | 當檢驗檢查並非有關於與病人本身,檢驗檢查是關於什麼。 | ||||
encounter | SΣ | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Encounter) | 檢驗檢查是哪一次就醫時執行的 | ||||
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 tw-core-3: Datetime must be at least to day. | |||||
effectiveDateTime | dateTime S | |||||||
effectivePeriod | Period | |||||||
effectiveTiming | Timing | |||||||
effectiveInstant | instant | |||||||
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | 此版本檢驗檢查完成的日期或時間 | ||||
performer | SΣ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查 | ||||
value[x] | SΣC | 0..1 | 檢驗檢查的實際結果 tw-core-5: SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. | |||||
valueQuantity | Quantity S | |||||||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept S | |||||||
valueString | string S | |||||||
valueBoolean | boolean | |||||||
valueInteger | integer | |||||||
valueRange | Range | |||||||
valueRatio | Ratio | |||||||
valueSampledData | SampledData | |||||||
valueTime | time | |||||||
valueDateTime | dateTime | |||||||
valuePeriod | Period | |||||||
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | ||||
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查結果的解釋;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | |||||
note | 0..* | Annotation | 關於此檢驗檢查之解說 | |||||
bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible) | |||||
method | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible) | |||||
specimen | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Specimen) | 此檢驗檢查的檢體 | |||||
device | 0..1 | Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) | (測量)設備 | |||||
referenceRange | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 解釋結果值的指引。
obs-3:必須至少有低、高或文字表述。 obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized | ||||
low | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的下限值,如果相關。 | ||||
high | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的上限值,如果相關。 | ||||
type | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): 用以表述參考範圍值之含意的代碼;鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼,但不強制一定要使用此值集,你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。 | |||||
appliesTo | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): 用以指明參考範圍值適用的對象或人口群之代碼;可參考所綁定代碼表,但此代碼表只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的示例,不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此代碼表的代碼代碼表中的代碼。 | |||||
age | 0..1 | Range | 適用的年齡範圍值,如果相關。 | |||||
text | 0..1 | string | 檢驗檢查中以文字表述的參考範圍值 | |||||
hasMember | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource | ||||
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Laboratory Result | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量 | ||||
component | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之(部分)檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized | ||||
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (example) | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
Slices for coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統(terminology system)定義的代碼 Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:system | ||||
coding:LOINCObservationCode | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | LOINC®為Regenstrief Institute, Inc.維護的檢驗事件描述代碼,可免費使用,可優先選用此代碼。 Binding: LOINC實驗室檢驗檢查值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: http://loinc.org | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | S | 0..1 | CodingTW | 此為中央健康保險署(NHI)維護之醫療服務給付項目相關代碼,主要針對申報使用,更新頻率相對頻繁,可免費使用,可依情境選用此代碼。 Binding: 臺灣健保署醫療服務給付項目-檢驗值集 (required): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。 | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID,以供資料項目間相互參照。 | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
system | SΣ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統(terminology system)的識別 Required Pattern: https://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/CodeSystem/medical-service-payment-tw | ||||
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話 | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 | ||||
display | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法 | ||||
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇? | ||||
text | SΣ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法 | ||||
value[x] | SΣ | 0..1 | 組成之檢驗檢查的實際結果 | |||||
valueQuantity | Quantity | |||||||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | |||||||
valueString | string | |||||||
valueBoolean | boolean | |||||||
valueInteger | integer | |||||||
valueRange | Range | |||||||
valueRatio | Ratio | |||||||
valueSampledData | SampledData | |||||||
valueTime | time | |||||||
valueDateTime | dateTime | |||||||
valuePeriod | Period | |||||||
dataAbsentReason | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果(Observation.value[x])缺少;應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | |||||
interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念(Concept)— 參照一個專門術語或只是文字表述 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 用以指明檢驗檢查的解釋之代碼。應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼,確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。 | |||||
referenceRange | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | 解釋此組成之檢驗驗查的結果值之指引 | |||||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI | |||
Observation.language | preferred | CommonLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
| ||||
Observation.status | required | ObservationStatushttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.category | preferred | ObservationCategoryCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.category:twcore | required | Pattern: laboratoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/observation-clinical-result-category from this IG | ||||
Observation.code | extensible | LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | ||||
Observation.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | ||||
Observation.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.bodySite | extensible | SNOMEDCTBodyStructureshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.method | extensible | ObservationMethodshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.referenceRange.type | preferred | ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo | example | ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.component.code | example | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | ||||
Observation.component.code.coding:LOINCObservationCode | required | LOINCObservationCodehttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/loinc-observation-code from this IG | ||||
Observation.component.code.coding:TWLaboratoryCategory | required | TWLaboratoryCategoryhttps://twcore.mohw.gov.tw/ig/twcore/ValueSet/laboratory-category-tw from this IG | ||||
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason | extensible | DataAbsentReasonhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard | ||||
Observation.component.interpretation | extensible | ObservationInterpretationCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty() | |
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty() | |
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty() | |
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty() | |
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists() | |
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) | |
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists() | |
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists() | |
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty() | |
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty() | |
tw-core-3 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Datetime must be at least to day. : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 | |
tw-core-4 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()) | |
tw-core-5 | error | Observation.value[x] | SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units. : ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' |
This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationClinicalResult
Summary
Mandatory: 2 elements(8 nested mandatory elements)
Must-Support: 12 elements
Structures
This structure refers to these other structures:
Slices
This structure defines the following Slices:
Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron
以下概述了此Profile所需的RESTful FHIR互動功能。有關TW Core IG支援的RESTful互動功能的完整清單,請參閱TW Core Server能力聲明。
建議應該(SHOULD) 支援透過查詢參數 _id
查詢所有Observation:
(如何透過token查詢)
GET [base]/Observation?_id=[id]
GET [base]/Observation/[id]
例子:
(1) GET [base]/Observation?_id=obs-loinc-example
(2) GET [base]/Observation/obs-loinc-example
建議應該(SHOULD) 支援透過查詢參數 category
查詢所有Observation:
(如何透過token查詢)
GET [base]/Observation?category={system|}[code]
例子:
(1) GET [base]/Observation?category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|laboratory
建議應該(SHOULD) 支援透過查詢參數 code
查詢所有Observation:
(如何透過token查詢)
GET [base]/Observation?code={system|}[code]
例子:
(1) GET [base]/Observation?code=http://loinc.org|10449-7
建議應該(SHOULD) 支援透過查詢參數 performer
查詢所有Observation:
(如何透過reference查詢)
GET [base]/Observation?performer=[performer]
例子:
(1) GET [base]/Observation?performer=Practitioner/pra-dr-example
建議應該(SHOULD) 支援透過查詢參數 status
查詢所有Observation:
(如何透過token查詢)
GET [base]/Observation?status=[code]
例子:
(1) GET [base]/Observation?status=registered
建議應該(SHOULD) 支援透過查詢參數 subject
查詢所有Observation:
(如何透過reference查詢)
GET [base]/Observation?subject={Type/}[id]
例子:
(1) GET [base]/Observation?subject=Patient/pat-example
建議應該(SHOULD) 支援透過查詢參數 date
查詢所有Observation:
(如何透過date查詢)
GET [base]/Observation?date={gt|lt|ge|le}[date]
例子:
(1) GET [base]/Observation?date=gt2022-07-31
id | Level | 位置 | 說明 | 運算式(Expression) |
---|---|---|---|---|
obs-3 | Rule | Observation.referenceRange |
至少必須有low 、high 或text |
low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists() |
obs-6 | Rule | (base) | 如果Observation.value[x] 不存在,dataAbsentReason 必須存在 |
dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty() |
obs-7 | Rule | (base) | 如果 Observation.code 與 Observation.component.code 相同,則與該代碼相關聯的 value 元素不得出現(SHALL NOT present)。 |
value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty() |
最簡單的 Observation 實例可以只需要包括一個代碼(code)、一個值(value),以及一個表示狀態的標記(status flag)。根據檢驗檢查的類型不同,其他的屬性的重要性及相關性也會有所變化。通常會建立Profiles來為特定情境下某些類型的檢驗檢查表達所需記錄的內容及系統能力(資料類型、基數、是否綁定值集、查詢參數及系統的資料存取能力等)。Observation resource 主要關注大部分系統所記錄的細節程度,因而相對比較沒有太多的要求限制。但是,對於某些特定的用途,可能還需要額外的限制和在特定情況下才相關的更多資訊。正如對待其他resources一樣,可以使用擴充資料項目(extensions)來添加這類額外的複雜性資料。
通常,檢驗檢查是關於某個對象進行的,這可能是一位病人、一群病人、某個地點或某個裝置。這項檢驗檢查和我們實際測量的東西之間的差別,大多是直接從檢驗檢查的名字就能看出來,比如說「血糖」,所以我們不需要再特別去說明它。但是,如果我們關注的重點不是這個對象本身,我們就有三種資料項目來幫助我們描述這個焦點。例如specimen
和bodySite
資料項目它們用來代表我們是在對象的哪個檢體或身體哪個部位進行測量,而focus
則是用來指出,我們關注的是對象的哪個特定方面,比如另一項檢驗檢查或者植入病人體內的一個裝置。
許多檢驗檢查之間存在重要的關聯,需要被組合在一起。為了達成這一點,已經定義了以下結構:DiagnosticReport 和 DiagnosticReport.result
,以及 Observation 和它的幾個資料項目:Observation.component
、Observation.hasMember
和Observation.derivedFrom
。下面的小節將提供關於如何選擇使用哪一種結構的指導,因為決定哪些檢驗檢查需要被組合通常非常依賴於具體情境,並且基於最終使用者的觀點,所以選擇哪種結構將受到法規、機構實務和情境的驅動。通常,實作時需要進行適當的Profiling。
DiagnosticReport 直接關聯到一個醫令(ServiceRequest)。DiagnosticReport.code
用來命名檢驗檢查組合,並且作為組合資料項目,這在實驗室通常被稱為「一組/組套檢驗(panel)」或「一套/組套檢驗(battery)」。DiagnosticReport.result
資料項目參照了單項檢驗檢查。有幾個範例展示了使用 DiagnosticReport 作為組合結構進行檢驗檢查組合的情況。
Observation.component
是用來描述那些只有在它們所屬的檢驗檢查內部才有意義的支持性結果。換句話說,這些 component 可能是構成一個檢驗檢查的各個部分,或者提供一些額外資訊來幫助理解Observation.code
,例如透過查看$stats
操作來獲得更多細節。因此,要完全理解一個檢驗檢查的含義,我們需要考慮所有主要檢驗檢查之代碼-值對(code-value),以及所有組成之檢驗檢查的代碼值對(component.code-component.value pairs)。當一項檢驗檢查雖然是單一的,但它可能需要記錄多個不同方面或Components的資訊,
只涉及一種測量方法、一次檢驗、一位操作者、一個裝置,並且是在同一時間進行時,我們才會用到component。
這種結構特別適用於以下情況:
但是某些檢驗檢查看似為Component但實際不適合放Component,像是那些有臨床上意義的檢驗檢查,它們應該作為獨立的檢驗檢查來呈現。例如:身體質量指數(Body Mass Index,BMI)檢驗檢查就不應該包含身高和體重Compoents,因為這兩項資料本身就是有臨床意義的檢驗檢查,應該分別使用獨立的檢驗檢查來記錄。下面的部分將解釋如何關聯這些獨立的檢驗檢查。
Observation.hasMember
及Observation.derivedFrom
及核心擴充資料項目:Observation-sequelTo及Observation-replaces
用於任何可以獨立解釋和使用的支援結果,並且具有一個或多個不同的方法、檢驗檢查、執行者、設備、時間和/或錯誤病情、問題或診斷值。使用這種結構的兩個常見用例是:
Observation.code
表示,通常不呈現 Observation.value[x]
,並且將要組合的檢驗檢查呈現在 Observation.hasMember
中 (請參見以下json範例)。當與 DiagnosticReport 一起使用時,這種結構允許嵌套分組(例如:複雜的微生物分離和敏感性報告)。{
"resourceType": "Observation",
"id": "blood-panel-example",
"status": "final",
"category": [
{
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category",
"code": "laboratory",
"display": "Laboratory"
}
]
}
],
"code": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
"code": "XXX-XXXX",
"display": "Complete blood count (CBC) panel"
}
],
"text": "血液檢查套組"
},
"subject": {
"reference": "Patient/example",
"display": "病人範例"
},
"effectiveDateTime": "2024-03-06",
"hasMember": [
{
"reference": "Observation/rbc-count-example"
},
{
"reference": "Observation/wbc-count-example"
},
{
"reference": "Observation/platelet-count-example"
}
],
"issued": "2024-03-06T10:00:00.000+00:00",
"performer": [
{
"reference": "Practitioner/example-lab-technician",
"display": "實驗室技術人員範例"
}
]
}
Observation.code
和Observation.value[x]
都呈現,並且身高與體重值列在Observation.derivedFrom
中。請參閱以下JSON範例。{
"resourceType": "Observation",
"id": "bmi-example",
"status": "final",
"category": [
{
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category",
"code": "vital-signs",
"display": "Vital Signs"
}
]
}
],
"code": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
"code": "39156-5",
"display": "Body Mass Index (BMI) [Ratio]"
}
],
"text": "身體質量指數(BMI)"
},
"subject": {
"reference": "Patient/example",
"display": "病人範例"
},
"effectiveDateTime": "2024-03-06",
"valueQuantity": {
"value": 22.2,
"unit": "kg/m2",
"system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
"code": "kg/m2"
},
"derivedFrom": [
{
"reference": "Observation/weight-example"
},
{
"reference": "Observation/height-example"
}
],
"issued": "2024-03-06T10:00:00.000+00:00",
"performer": [
{
"reference": "Practitioner/example-nutritionist",
"display": "營養師範例"
}
]
}
最後,關於 valueCodeableConcept
的使用,這是當檢驗檢查結果的值需要用預定義的概念來表示時使用的。這意味著,如果檢驗檢查結果的值不是一個簡單的數字或文字表述,而是一個具有特定意義的概念,我們會使用一個代碼來表示這個概念。例如:在記錄病人的血型時,我們不會直接記錄「AB陰性」,而是使用一個對應於「AB陰性」這一概念的標準化代碼。為達這樣的目的,通常需要針對資料項目綁定(bound)值集,例如:SNOMED CT 或當地的代碼系統(local codes)。
檢驗檢查的結果可以根據不同的代碼系統被編碼到多個值集中。這些值集可以透過使用 ConceptMap resource 進行對應,或者可以直接在資料項目中提供作為附加的代碼,正如下面的例子所展示的。
LOINC 代碼 43304-5 Chlamydia trachomatis rRNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection 用於表示在非特定檢體中檢驗沙眼衣原體(Chlamydia Trachomatis)是否存在,這通常與代碼的presence(存在)/absence(不存在)概念相關,若此例的檢驗結果為不存在,則使用「Negative」(陰性)的代碼值,並且按照標準編碼進行翻譯時,valueCodeableConcept
將會是:
"valueCodeableConcept": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
"code": "260385009",
"display": "Negative"
}, {
"system": "https://acme.lab/resultcodes",
"code": "NEG",
"display": "Negative"
}
],
"text": "Negative for Chlamydia Trachomatis rRNA"
}
如果這些資料項目通常被編碼、或者相關資料項目的資料類型需要一個代碼code
時,即使沒有合適的代碼只有 text 可用,也應使用valueCodeableConcept
。例如:僅使用text時,valueCodeableConcept
資料項目將會是:
"valueCodeableConcept": {
"text": "uncoded free text result"
}
當編碼答案的清單中包括一個表示「其他(other)」的概念代碼,而且這個概念還有一段文字表述時,我們就應該使用 valueCodeableConcept.text
資料項目來充分捕捉這個來源的完整意義。舉例來說,在以下的情況中,答案代碼「其他」被放在valueCodeableConcept
資料項目裡,同時,提供的文字表述被放在CodeableConcept.text
資料項目裡。這樣做的目的是為了確保那些額外的、描述性的資訊——這些資訊可能無法僅僅透過一個預先定義的代碼來完全傳遞——能夠被準確地記錄和保存下來。
{
"resourceType": "Observation",
... snip ...
"code": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
"code": "74076-1",
"display": "Medication or substance involved"
}
]
},
.. snip ...
"valueCodeableConcept": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
"code": " LA20343-2",
"display": "Other substance: PLEASE SPECIFY"
}
],
"text": "Other: Blue pills I found under my couch"
}
.. snip ...
}
在 FHIR 記錄檢驗檢查資料時,一個常見的挑戰是如何正確填寫檢驗檢查的代碼和結果。這對於實驗室檢查來說相對直觀,但對於其他類型的檢驗檢查,比如疾病診斷、家族病史等,就可能變得不太清晰。這裡的重點是討論怎樣用Observation.code
及Observation.value
資料項目來準確描述這些檢驗檢查及其結果。
FHIR 檢驗檢查包括兩個關鍵資料項目:
我們可以用不同的方式,組合Observation.code
及Observation.value
資料項目來表示同一資訊。但是,過度自由地選擇不同的表示方式,會對理解和解釋來自不同來源的資料造成困難。以下是四種可能的表示方法,它們都能合理地反應相同的情況。鑑於檢驗檢查resources要滿足多種用途,確定具體使用哪種模式,最好是按照各自實作 FHIR 的地區或組織發布的標準和指引來操作:
Observation.code
來描述檢驗檢查的類型,用Observation.value
代碼來表示非數字的檢驗檢查結果。例如:
Observation.code
的細節有所不同,從值改為代碼。例如:
Observation.code
直接表示了檢驗檢查發現,而不是檢驗檢查的動作。Observation.value
用來確認或否定這個發現。例如:
Observation.code
不具體指出做了哪種檢驗檢查但指明檢驗檢過的發現,並且省略了Observation.value
。例如:
總之,我們有多種方法可以表達檢驗檢查資料,但選擇哪一種需要根據實際情況和指引來決定。
Observation.code
最好是 LOINC 或 SNOMED CT 概念代碼。
Observation.value
可以表示為:
Observation.code
最好是 SNOMED CT 概念代碼,其中概念是 404684003(Clinical finding (finding))、413350009(Finding with explicit context(finding))或 272379006(Event(event))。Observation.value
,預設解釋是 Observation.code
中表示的概念(單一代碼或表達式)存在於病人身上。建議應該(SHOULD) 使用 Observation.dataAbsentReason
值 clinical-finding 表明預期值缺失的原因。這種做法在某些情況下可能很有用,但在 HL7 第三版實作指引中,建議不使用這種模式,主要是因為它可能會在不同系統之間引起解釋上的混淆或互操作性問題。
以下是一些建議,指導如何利用這些額外的代碼或資料來精確解釋檢驗檢查:
1.盡可能使用最具體的代碼。例如:
{
"resourceType": "Observation",
... snip ...
"code": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
"code": "6689-4",
"display": "Glucose [Mass/volume] in Blood --2 hours post meal"
}
]
},
... snip ...
}
2.或者,如上所述,在Observation.code
中使用額外的代碼。
例如:<code>Observation.code</code> = coding-1: 59408-5 動脈血氧飽和度透过脈搏血氧儀測量("Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry),coding-2: 20564-1 血氧飽和度(Oxygen saturation in Blood) ```json { "resourceType": "Observation", ... snip ... "code": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
"code": "59408-5",
"display": "Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry"
},
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
"code": "20564-1",
"display": "Oxygen saturation in Blood"
}
] }, ... snip ... } ```
3.如上所述,通常將檢驗檢查結果彙集在一起,以提供正確理解和解釋檢驗檢查所需的額外資訊。作為彙集檢驗檢查的另一種方法,也可以使用擴充資料項目(extensions)來參照其他檢驗檢查的資料,有助於我們更好地理解和解釋某項檢驗檢查結果。
Observation.value[x]
資料項目,其變數名稱依據其資料類型而定,如下所示:
請看上述關於使用代碼來表示檢驗檢查結果的說明:
因為大部分檢驗檢查結果的資料並非完全是對或錯,例如會有「未知」這種特殊值,所以很少直接用布林值(是或否)來表示value[x]
。反之,建議使用CodeableConcept資料類型,從http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v2-0136挑選代碼(這些代碼可以用來表示「是/否」,或者根據需要轉換成「真/假」等其他明確互斥的詞彙)。
對於特殊的值,如「E」表示錯誤、「L」表示低於限制和「U」表示高於限制,在SampledData資料類型中有所使用。但是,如果在檢驗檢查中要表示某個資料高於或低於限制,應該使用valueQuantity
,並明確標出限制值及其比較條件。此外,當有錯誤發生時,應該使用dataAbsentReason
資料項目指明具體是「錯誤」或「非數值」。比如,如果某個資料低於限制,比如小於2.0 mmol/L,那麼valueQuantity
應該如何表示呢?
"valueQuantity": {
"value": 2.0,
"comparator": "<",
"unit": "mmol/l",
"system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
"code": "mmol/L"
}
如果該值是「NaN」(即一個錯誤),則valueCodeableConcept
資料項目將會缺失,而dataAbsentReason
資料項目則應該是:
"dataAbsentReason": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/data-absent-reason",
"code": "NaN",
"display": "Not a Number"
}
]
}
因為允許多種類型的資料用於value資料項目,所以定義了多個查詢 value 的參數。沒有標準參數用於查詢類型為 Ratio 的值。
effectiveDateTime
或effectivePeriod
表示檢驗檢查與受檢者最相關的時間點。對於生物體(例如:病人)來說,這是檢驗檢查的生理相關時間點。在使用檢體進行檢驗的情況下,它代表檢體收集的開始與結束時間(例如:24小時尿鈉檢查),但如果收集時間相當短,則會被報告為單一時間點的值(例如:常規的靜脈穿刺)。直接從受檢者得到的檢驗檢查結果(例如:血壓檢查、胸部X光檢查)則記錄檢驗過程的開始與結束時間,這通常也會被報告為單一時間點。
大多數常見的檢驗檢查結果僅有一個通用參考範圍。參考範圍對於實驗室檢測和其他測量(例如:收縮壓)很有用,但對於「懷孕狀態」之類的測量則關聯較小。系統可能(MAY)只提供基於對病人資訊的了解(例如:針對病人的年齡、性別、體重和其他因素的特定參考範圍),但這可能不總是可行或適當的。當提供多個參考範圍時,應該在參考範圍和/或年齡屬性中說明它們之間的區別,主要是因為參考範圍可能會根據病人的年齡、性別、體重和其他健康因素有所不同。這種差異化確保了檢驗檢查結果的評估更加個人化和精準,從而提供了更有價值的醫療訊息。例如:某些檢測指標的正常範圍可能在兒童和成人之間有顯著差異,或者男性和女性之間的正常值可能不同。
如果一項測量或檢驗無法完成(例如,如果樣品不合格或醫令被取消),則狀態值應更新為「取消」並詳細說明原因,最好是在dataAbsentReason
或valueCodeableConcept
資料項目中以編碼值的形式提供。額外的訊息也可以透過note
資料項目提供。檢體拒絕的範例展示了如何使用dataAbsentReason
中的編碼值來表示不合格的檢體。
遺傳報告大量依賴於DiagnosticReport和Observation resource。描述如何表達遺傳結果的實作指引可以在這裡找到。
lastn 查詢操作滿足了對於查詢受檢者最新或「最後已知」檢驗檢查結果的常見需求。這項查詢可以用於以下例子:
更多資訊和範例,請參考最後N次檢驗檢查查詢部分的Observation resource 操作頁面。
stats操作對一系列臨床測量進行了一組統計計算,如血壓測量,這些測量儲存在服務器上。該操作專注於具有UCUM單位代碼的valueQuantity
資料項目的Observation resource。這項操作可用於以下情況:
更多資訊和範例,請參考Observation統計部分的Observation resource 操作頁面。